Western Amerykanski

The figure of Gary Cooper as the proud frontier sheriff striding down the street in the 1952 American Western High Noon is as much a symbol of dignity and courage in contemporary Poland as it is in the United States. In 1989, for Poland's first free election since the Communist takeover, the political party Solidarity dramatically and successfully used that image of Cooper on a campaign poster urging voters to respond to their country's own 'high noon' - their critical moment of decision. The Western motion picture, from its silent days on, exported an epic vision of America.William S. Hart, John Wayne, James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Gregory Peck, Clint Eastwood, and Kirk Douglas became legendary heroes throughout the world, and especially in Poland. In postwar Poland, film poster artists employed the universally recognized symbols of the Western - horse, six-shooter, boots, tin-star badge, Stetson, saddle - to convey violence as a negative force. Unlike many other art forms, the film poster did not fall within the censor's domain because it was not expected to pose a threat to the social order. But messages were conveyed through subtle means of symbol and color.The Polish poster has been likened to the Trojan horse, with the artist smuggling messages onto the streets in the guise of ephemera. The posters displayed so strikingly in this book, and discussed in three essays, are from the golden age of Polish poster-making, the mid-1940s to the 1970s. They are part of the collection assembled by the Autry Museum of Western Heritage, the Western poster holdings of which include more than a hundred created in Poland - the largest such collection outside of Poland itself.Kevin Mulroy is director of the research center at the Autry Museum of Western Heritage in Los Angeles. Other contributors include Edward Buscombe, former head of the British Film Institute in London; Frank Fox, a former professor of Eastern European history and expert on Polish poster art; Mariusz Knorowski, international programs coordinator at the Center of Polish Sculpture in Oronsko and former curator of the Polish Poster Museum in Wilanow; and translator Aneta Zebala, a paintings conservator in Santa Monica, California.